-s in Middle Welsh

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Etymology: From oblique forms of Proto-Celtic *es, *sindos, *sondos. Cognate with Old Irish -us and s- (third-person feminine singular and all genders plural affixed pronoun). Etymology templates: {{lg|oblique}} oblique, {{der|wlm|cel-pro|*es}} Proto-Celtic *es, {{cog|sga|-us}} Old Irish -us

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oblique"
      },
      "expansion": "oblique",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*es"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *es",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "-us"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish -us",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From oblique forms of Proto-Celtic *es, *sindos, *sondos. Cognate with Old Irish -us and s- (third-person feminine singular and all genders plural affixed pronoun).",
  "lang": "Middle Welsh",
  "lang_code": "wlm",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Welsh personal pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 37 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "him, her, it, them"
      ],
      "id": "en--s-wlm-suffix-NWkIGKhs",
      "links": [
        [
          "him",
          "him"
        ],
        [
          "her",
          "her"
        ],
        [
          "it",
          "it"
        ],
        [
          "them",
          "them"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-s"
}

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{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 37 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oblique"
      },
      "expansion": "oblique",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*es"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *es",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "-us"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish -us",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From oblique forms of Proto-Celtic *es, *sindos, *sondos. Cognate with Old Irish -us and s- (third-person feminine singular and all genders plural affixed pronoun).",
  "lang": "Middle Welsh",
  "lang_code": "wlm",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
        "Middle Welsh lemmas",
        "Middle Welsh personal pronouns",
        "Middle Welsh suffixes",
        "Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
        "Pages using catfix",
        "Pages with 37 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "him, her, it, them"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "him",
          "him"
        ],
        [
          "her",
          "her"
        ],
        [
          "it",
          "it"
        ],
        [
          "them",
          "them"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-s"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-05-01 using wiktextract (4997730 and 9380997). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"-s" meaning in Middle Welsh

Suffix